Dosage compensation and X-chromosome inactivation
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
X-Chromosome dosage compensation.
In mammals, flies, and worms, sex is determined by distinctive regulatory mechanisms that cause males (XO or XY) and females (XX) to differ in their dose of X chromosomes. In each species, an essential X chromosome-wide process called dosage compensation ensures that somatic cells of either sex express equal levels of X-linked gene products. The strategies used to achieve dosage compensation ar...
متن کاملX-Chromosome Dosage Compensation
The X and Y chromosomes of placental and marsupial mammals originated from a pair of autosomes. Ohno hypothesised nearly 50 years ago that the expression levels of X-linked genes should be doubled to compensate for the degeneration of their Y-linked homologues during sex chromosome evolution. The advent of microarray and RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing technologies in the past decade prompted...
متن کاملMammalian X chromosome inactivation evolved as a dosage-compensation mechanism for dosage-sensitive genes on the X chromosome.
How and why female somatic X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) evolved in mammals remains poorly understood. It has been proposed that XCI is a dosage-compensation mechanism that evolved to equalize expression levels of X-linked genes in females (2X) and males (1X), with a prior twofold increase in expression of X-linked genes in both sexes ("Ohno's hypothesis"). Whereas the parity of X chromosome ...
متن کاملThe role of X-chromosome inactivation during spermatogenesis (Drosophila-allocycly-chromosome evolution-male sterility-dosage compensation).
Inactivation of the single X chromosome in the primary spermatocytes of species with heterogametic males is postulated as a basic control mechanism on the chromosomal level that is required for normal spermatogenesis. This view is supported by (a) cytological observations of X-chromosome allocycly in the primary spermatocytes of all male-heterogametic organisms that were adequately examined, (b...
متن کاملGlobal analysis of X-chromosome dosage compensation
BACKGROUND Drosophila melanogaster females have two X chromosomes and two autosome sets (XX;AA), while males have a single X chromosome and two autosome sets (X;AA). Drosophila male somatic cells compensate for a single copy of the X chromosome by deploying male-specific-lethal (MSL) complexes that increase transcription from the X chromosome. Male germ cells lack MSL complexes, indicating that...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1985
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/315103a0